Wednesday, 8 November 2017

Psalm 99: Enthronement psalm


Structure:
l   V1-3: universal sovereignty. V3, V5 the refrain “Holy is He” is not just structural marker but also expanded more on each occasion, an acclamation of praise.
l   V4-5: Just kingship.
l   V6-9: Israel and representatives.

Context:
l   This is the last of the sequence of Yahweh kingship psalms. Could be a specific conclusion.
l   Book 3 was trying to come to terms with the crises of exile.
l   Book 4 is a response to that crises.
l   Ps106 ends with a prayer/thanksgiving, that Yahweh sets the captives free. The crises of the exile is being resolved. Reaffirms Yahweh’s covenant. Reinforces Yahweh’s justice. The covenant itself is an instrument of Yahweh’s rule of justice. Who is responsible in establishing justice? Yahweh. Not that Yahweh’s kingship replaces Davidic kingship, but that it’s the ground of hope for justice. Any hope of the Davidic kingship is that Yahweh backs the Davidic king.

Right vs holy:
l   To be right: lined up with the responsibilities we have, for others etc. Moral implications.
l   To be holy: To be the being that God is, for God’s use only. The tabernacle is holy to Yahweh, fit for Yahweh’s purpose. It’s a theological and ontological category. Yahweh is transcendent, not controlled by any of the categories or limitations that we know. It has moral implications (eg. Having God’s characters means we are moral) but not a moral category.

Exegesis:
l   V1: Opens with Yahweh malek. Self-involving discourse: People can say words quite easily. “He sits cherubim” in Hebrew. Functioning adverbially: the manner in which Yahweh is enthroned: “Yahweh is enthroned cheribimly”.
l   V2: Sometimes there is universality, sometimes particularity. Yahweh is great in Zion: particular, in Zion. He is exalted over all the peoples. From Zion, Yahweh rules over all nations. The Lord reigns as king.
l   V4: The might of the king is loving justice. What demonstrates mighty power is loving justice. Mishpat is the exertion of power to set the world right. “You are the one who established uprightness.”
l   V6: Because Moses and Aaron was present in the establishment of the Israelite community.
l   V7: “Pillar of cloud” is the mobile theophany of the wilderness, transferred to the tabernacle. Statutes and decrees: the instructions that God gave Israel is the way Yahweh’s just rule should be enacted.
l   V8: In a sense, forgiveness is the antithesis of justice. Forgiveness is necessary because people turned away from God as soon as the commandments were given. When they refuse God’s offering of forgiveness, all that is left is the terrifying judgment.
l   V9: With all that in mind, we are summoned to worship again.

Themes:
l   The importance of this psalms is the covenant and covenant instructions.
l   The claim of this psalm: Yahweh reigns. When we preach this psalm, make this very clear. We see the world through the lenses of this psalm: that Yahweh is king and Yahweh’s kingship is seen in the world. If we say Yahweh reigns, we have to be a community that reflect who God is in the world. We have to show the world what life lined up rightly look like.


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