Monday, 6 November 2017

Psalm 74: Communal lament


l   Metaphors: V1: sheep of your pasture (Psalm 23, reminds us of shepherd, king, deities. Taps into an existing relationship and how that relationship will work. Sheep of your pasture and not your slaughterhouse). V19: dove (powerlessness, helplessness prey, metaphor for the people of God), wild beasts (the nations). V22: rise up oh God (on your feet, you’re been sitting with your hands in your pockets, anthropomorphic metaphor).
l   Imageries: V1: anger smoke. V4: Foes roared. V5: those who swing axes. V11: garment: fold of cloth, like hands in his pocket. There’s a job to be done and God’s not working on it. V13-14: water of chaos, cosmic battle imagery, splitting open, crushing, defeating. Why this language? Because they have just been crushed. Taps into history as well as the experience they are responding to. V16-17: Creation imageries.
l   Parallelism: V2: Congregation, Mt Zion. Contrasting V3: Everlasting vs ruins. Advancing V2: nation vs purchase vs inheritance vs Zion. V4. V7: lots of burning stuff happening. Pillar of smoke from God’s anger.
l   Repetitions: V2: Remember.
l   Time is a problem here. In what relation to those events is this poem? This is a sharp memory, sharp reality, but a distant event.
l   Progression: v4-7a there’s a dominant image, treating a beautiful wooden building as a firewood. Lots of tree imagery in the temple. Treating these previous wood as wood in the forest which you hack off to create fire.
l   Different uses of words: V1, 10, 11, what are these words doing? They’re questioning. Rhetorical questions in one sense (doesn’t require an answer), but not really because they require protection, an action, not an explanation. Asking a question of God in order to elicit a response from God.
l   2nd person verb forms: all asking God to do something. 1st half: describing what the enemies have done. 2nd person finite: describing something God has done.
l   At the end: Direct, unapologetic, forceful petition. 13-17: perfect verbs. Then 18-23 a series of imperatives (either positive or negative).
l   Ideas:
n   Absence/inaction.
n   Destruction of people and place.
n   Covenant, election, salvation.
n   Victory. Kings conquer enemies in order to establish a safe and stable environment for their people.
n   Creation: God’s power and sovereignty. V12 especially. Demonstration of Yahweh’s sovereign rule. V13-15. V14 leviathan: God’s rule over cosmic order. Starts ambiguous between creation and redemption. Ends with creation. All turns to dust, but creation still stands.
l   Where it starts, where it finishes: Lamenting at what we have lost. It starts with the people and ends with God’s own name/God’s reputation, for a rhetorical purpose. People getting together for the inaction of God. Concern about how the enemies have mocked God.
l   Setting after 587BC, but before the temple’s rebuilt (or else there wouldn’t be the “everlasting ruins”). Could be written in the land after the return from exile. Could be people gathering where they used to gather for worship and seeing the rubbles of what used to be glorious. Immediacy of memory rather than physical presence.
l   The “War Stand” of Ur: Memorial of victory. Demonstrates the powerful redeeming work of God.
l   The “Perpetual ruins” (2nd temple) are a living experience for the Jews today.
l   For what should we lament as a Christian community? What does the church lament for these days?
l   One way poems can work is in liturgy.


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